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Genetic and lifestyle risk factors for MRI-defined brain infarcts in a population-based setting
Ganesh Chauhan, Hieab H.H. Adams, Claudia L. Satizábal, Joshua C. Bis, Alexander Teumer, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Edith Hofer, Stella Trompet, Saima Hilal, Albert V. Smith, Xueqiu Jian, Rainer Malik, Matthew Traylor, Sara L. Pulit, Philippe Amouyel, Bernard Mazoyer, Yi‐Cheng Zhu, Sara Kaffashian, Sabrina Schilling, Gary W. Beecham, Thomas J. Montine, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Ólafur Kjartansson, Vilmundur Guðnason, David S. Knopman, Michael Griswold, B. Gwen Windham, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Thomas H. Mosley, Reinhold Schmidt, Yasaman Saba, Helena Schmidt, Fumihiko Takeuchi, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Toru Nabika, Norihiro Kato, Kumar B. Rajan, Neelum T. Aggarwal, Philip L. De Jager, Denis A. Evans, Bruce M. Psaty, Jerome I. Rotter, Kenneth Rice, Oscar L. Lopez, Jiemin Liao, Christopher Chen, Ching‐Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, M. Kamran Ikram, Sven J. van der Lee, Najaf Amin, Vincent Chouraki, Anita L. DeStefano, Hugo J. Aparicio, José R. Romero, Pauline Maillard, Charles DeCarli, Joanna M. Wardlaw, María del C. Valdés Hernández, Michelle Luciano, David C. Liewald, Ian J. Deary, John M. Starr, Mark E. Bastin, Susana Muñoz Maniega, P. Eline Slagboom, Marian Beekman, Joris Deelen, Hae‐Won Uh, Robin Lemmens, Henry Brodaty, Margaret J. Wright, David Ames, Giorgio B. Boncoraglio, Jemma C. Hopewell, Ashley Beecham, Susan H. Blanton, Clinton B. Wright, Ralph L. Sacco, Wei Wen, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Nicola J. Armstrong, Elizabeth Chong, Peter R. Schofield, John B. Kwok, Jeroen van der Grond, David J. Stott, Ian Ford, J. Wouter Jukema, Meike W. Vernooij, Albert Hofman, André G. Uitterlinden, Aad van der Lugt, Katharina Wittfeld, Hans J. Grabe, Norbert Hosten, Bettina von Sarnowski, Uwe Völker, Christopher Levi, Jordi Jiménez-Conde, Pankaj Sharma, Cathie Sudlow, Jonathan Rosand, Daniel Woo, John W. Cole, James F. Meschia, Agnieszka Słowik, Vincent Thijs, Olle Melander, Raji P. Grewal, Tatjana Rundek, Peter M. Rothwell, Donna K. Arnett, Christina Jern, Julie A. Johnson, Oscar Benavente, Sylvia Wasssertheil‐Smoller, Jin‐Moo Lee, Quenna Wong, Braxton D. Mitchell, Stephen S. Rich, Patrick F. McArdle, Mirjam I. Geerlings, Yolanda van der Graaf, Paul I. W. de Bakker, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Velandai Srikanth, Russell Thomson, Rebekah McWhirter, Chris Moran, Michele L. Callisaya, Thanh G. Phan, Loes C.A. Rutten‐Jacobs, Steve Bevan, Christophe Tzourio, Karen A. Mather, Perminder S. Sachdev, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Bradford B. Worrall, Martin Dichgans, Steven J. Kittner, Hugh S. Markus, M. Arfan Ikram, Myriam Fornage, Lenore J. Launer, Sudha Seshadri, W.T. Longstreth, Stéphanie Debette, Peter Almgren, Christopher D. Anderson, John Attia, Hakan Ay, R. Dale Brown, Mariana Bustamante, Yu‐Ching Cheng, Ioana Cotlarciuc, Carlos Cruchaga, Paul IW de Bakker, Hossein Delavaran, Gunnar Engström, Laura Heitsch, Laure Ibanez, Andreea Ilinca, Marguerite R. Irvin, Rebecca D. Jackson, Katarina Jood, Brett Kissela, Dawn Kleindorfer, Daniel Labovitz, Cathy C. Laurie, Linxin Li, Jane Maguire, James F. Meschia, Martina Müller‐Nurasyid, Bo Norrving, Leema Reddy Peddareddygari, Joanna Pera, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Marta Ribasés, Jaume Roquer, Natalia S. Rost, Pankaj Sharma, Carolina Soriano‐Tárraga, Tara M. Stanne, Konstantin Stauch, O. Colin Stine, David R. Weir, Stephen R. Williams, Huichun Xu, Hyacinth I. Hyacinth, Sandro Marini, Paul Nyquist, Cathryn M. Lewis, Björn M. Hansen, Alessandro Biffi, Christina Kourkoulis, Chris Anderson, Anne‐Katrin Giese, Jong‐Won Chung, Gyeong‐Moon Kim, Steven A. Lubitz, Romain Bourcier, Joanna M. M. Howson, Alessandra Granata, Anna M. Drazyk, Robin Walters, Iain Turnbull, Josh Bis, Alex P. Reiner, Rajat Dhar, Kameshwar Prasad, Chloé Sarnowski, Qiong Yang, Daniel I. Chasman, Chia‐Ling Phuah, Guiyou Liu, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Leslie A. Lange, Michael L. James, Jill R. Stewart, Dina Vojinović, Eugenio Parati, Ramin Zand, Philippe Bijlenga, Magdy Selim, Caspar Grond‐Ginsbach, Daniel Strbian, Liisa Tomppo, Hanne Sallinen, D. Pfeiffer, Nuria Torres, Miguel A. Barboza, Melanie D. Laarman, Roberta Carriero, Dipender Gill, Aniket Mishra, Jer‐Yuarn Wu, Tai-Ming Ko, Silvia Bione, Turgut Tatlisumak, Lukas Holmegaard, Yue Suo, Anna Bersano, Kristina Schlicht, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Saskia Lesnik Oberstein, Tsong-Hai Lee, Johan Wassélius, Mattias Drake, Martin Stenman, Katherine Crawford, Umme K. Lena, Farrah J. Mateen, Ona Wu, Markus D. Schirmer, Steve Cramer, Polina Golland, Robert N. Brown, Owen A. Ross, Guillaume Paré, Katrina Gwinn, Jim Koenig, E. Giralt, Danish Saleheen, Frank‐Erik de Leeuw, Michiaki Kubo, Yukinori Okada, Annie Pedersén, Maja Olsson, Juan José Díaz, Eng‐King Tan, Petrea Frid, Chaeyoung Lee, David‐Alexandre Trégouët, Thomas Leung, Keat Wei Loo, Gabriel Rinkel, Paulo Henrique Condeixa de França, Íscia Lopes‐Cendes, Caty Carrera, Israel Fernández‐Cadenas, Joan Montaner, Helen Kim, Mayowa Owolabi, Reecha Sofat, Mark K. Bakker, Ynte M. Ruigrok, Allard J. Hauer, Sander W. van der Laan, Ryan Irvin, Alessandro Pezzini, Foad Abd-Allah, David S. Liebeskind, Rhea Tan, John Danesh, Amanda Donatti, Wagner Mauad Avelar, Joseph P. Broderick, Kristiina Rannikmäe, Caitrin W. McDonough, Tom Van Agtmael, James Walters, Martin Söderholm, Erik Lorentzen, Sandra Olsson, Rufus Akinyemi, Ioana Cotlatciuc, Tushar Dave, James E. Faber, Iona Y. Millwood, Elsa Valdés Márquez, Michelangelo Mancuso, Riina Vibo, Janika Kõrv, Jennifer J. Majersik, Adam de Havenon, Matthew R. Alexander, Michèle M. Sale, Andrew M. Southerland, Debra Owens, Stacey Q Wolfe, Carl D. Langefeld, Jan Konrad, Kevin N. Sheth, Guido J. Falcone, Kathleen Donahue, Alexis N. Simpkins, Tan Wei Liang Byorn, Bernard P.L. Chan, Philip Clatworthy, Jose C. Florez, Eric L. Harshfield, Atsushi Hozawa, Chung Hsu, Chaur‐Jong Hu, Masafumi Ihara, Marcos Christiano Lange, Soo Ji Lee, I‐Hui Lee, Patricia L. Musolino, Hirofumi Nakatomi, Kwang‐Yeol Park, Chris Riley, Joohon Sung, Hideaki Suzuki, Katie D. Vo, Kazuo Washida, Laura Garcia Ibenez, Ale Algra, Alex S. F. Doney, Andreas Gschwendtner, Astrid M. Vicente, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Cara L. Carty, Dale M. Gamble, E. Bernd Ringelstein, Einar Már Valdimarsson, Gail Davies, Gerard Pasterkamp, Gregor Kuhlenbäumer, Guðmar Þorleifsson, Helena Schmidt, Jingmin Liu, José M. Ferro, Karen L. Furie, Kāri Stefánsson, Konstantinos Kostulas, Kristina Rannikmae, Marianne Benn, Martin Farrall, Massimo Pandolfo, Mike A. Nalls, Natalie R. van Zuydam, Patrícia Abrantes, P M Higgins, Peter Lichtner, Robert W. Clarke, Shérine Abboud, Sofia A. Oliveira, Sólveig Grétarsdóttir, Thomas W.K. Battey, Unnur Þorsteinsdóttir, Wei Zhao, Wei‐Min Chen, Marilyn S. Albert, Roger L. Albin, Liana G. Apostolova, Steven E. Arnold, Sanjay Asthana, Craig Atwood, Clinton T. Baldwin, M. Michael Barmada, Lisa L. Barnes, Sandra Barral, Thomas G. Beach, James T. Becker, Duane Beekly, David A. Bennett, Eileen H. Bigio, Thomas D. Bird, Deborah Blacker, Bradley F. Boeve, Adam Boxer, James R. Burke, Jeffrey M. Burns, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Goldie S. Byrd, Guiqing Cai, Nigel J. Cairns, Laura B. Cantwell, Chuanhai Cao, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Regina M. Carney, Minerva M. Carrasquillo, Steven L. Carroll, Helena Chui, David G. Clark, David H. Cribbs, Elizabeth Crocco, F. Yesim Demirci, Malcolm Dick, Dennis W. Dickson, Ranjan Duara, Nilüfer Ertekin‐Taner, Kelley Faber, M. Daniele Fallin, Kenneth B. Fallon, David W. Fardo, Martin R. Farlow, Lindsay A. Farrer, Steven H. Ferris, Tatiana Foroud, Matthew P. Frosch, Douglas Galasko, Marla Gearing, Daniel H. Geschwind, Bernardino Ghetti, John R. Gilbert, Rodney C.P. Go, Alison Goate, Caroline Graff, Robert C. Green, Patrick Griffith, John H. Growdon, Jonathan L. Haines, Håkon Håkonarson, Ronald L. Hamilton, Kara L. Hamilton‐Nelson, Vahram Haroutunian, Lindy E. Harrell, Lawrence S. Honig, Ryan Huebinger, Christine M. Hulette, Bradley T. Hyman, Gregory A. Jicha, Lee‐Way Jin, Gyungah Jun, M. Ilyas Kamboh, Anna Karydas, John Kauwe, Ronald Kim, Neil W. Kowall, Joel H. Kramer, Walter A. Kukull, Brian W. Kunkle, Frank M. LaFerla, James J. Lah, Rosalyn Lang-Walker, Eric B. Larson, James B. Leverenz, Allan I. Levey, Ge Li, Andrew P. Lieberman, Mark W. Logue, Oscar L. López, Kathryn L. Lunetta, Constantine G. Lyketsos, Wendy J. Mack, Jennifer J. Manly, Daniel Marson, Eden R. Martin, Frank Martiniuk, Deborah C. Mash, Eliezer Masliah, Richard Mayeux, Ann C. McKee, Marsel Mesulam, Bruce L. Miller, Carol A. Miller, Joshua W. Miller, John C. Morris, Jill R. Murrell, Adam C. Naj, Thomas O. Obisesan, John Olichney, V. Shane Pankratz, Joseph E. Parisi, Amanda Partch, Henry L. Paulson, Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance, William Perry, Elaine R. Peskind, Ronald C. Petersen, Aimee Pierce, Wayne W. Poon, Huntington Potter, Joseph F. Quinn, Ashok Raj, Towfique Raj, Murray A. Raskind, Eric M. Reiman, Barry Reisberg, Christiane Reitz, John M. Ringman, Erik D. Roberson, Howard J. Rosen, Roger N. Rosenberg, Mark A. Sager, Mary Sano, Andrew J. Saykin, Julie A. Schneider, Lon S. Schneider, William W. Seeley, Amanda Smith, Joshua A. Sonnen, Salvatore Spina, Robert A. Stern, Russell H. Swerdlow, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Tricia A. Thornton‐Wells, John Q. Trojanowski, Juan C. Troncoso, Debby W. Tsuang, Otto Valladares, Vivianna M. Van Deerlin, Linda J. Van Eldik, Badri N. Vardarajan, Harry V. Vinters, Jean Paul Vonsattel, Li‐San Wang, Sandra Weıntraub, Kathleen A. Welsh‐Bohmer, Jennifer Williamson, Thomas S. Wingo, Sarah Wishnek, Randall L. Woltjer, Steven G. Younkin, Chang‐En Yu, Lei Yu, Audrey Y. Chu, Aki S. Havulinna, Seung Hoan Choi, Melissa E. Garcia, Ani Manichaikul, Stefan Gustafsson, Traci M. Bartz, Céline Bellenguez, Jean‐Sébastien Vidal, Kerri L. Wiggins, Flora Xue, Samuli Ripatti, Ching‐Ti Liu, Marcel den Hoed, Susan R. Heckbert, Nicholas L. Smith, Julie E. Buring, Paul M. Ridker, Claudine Berr, Jean‐François Dartigues, Anders Hamsten, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Nancy L. Pedersen, Lars Lannfelt, Lars Lind, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Andrew P. Morris, Peter J. Koudstaal, Marileen L.P. Portegies, Anton JM de Craen, Norrina B. Allen, Andrew D. Johnson, Charles C. White, Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus, Michael A. Nalls, Alexa Beiser, Erkki Vartiainen, Curtis R. French, Tobias Kurth, Tamara B. Harris, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Veikko Salomaa, Erik Ingelsson, Benjamin F.J. Verhaaren, Muhammad Ikram, Lorna M. Lopez, Mark A. van Buchem, Katrin Hegenscheid, Mariza de Andrade, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Eric Boerwinkle, Adam M. Brickman, R. Nick Bryan, Anton J. M. de Craen, Fabrice Crivello, Carole Dufouil, Paul Freudenberger, Mohamad Habes, Gerardo Heiss, Carla A. Ibrahim‐Verbaas, Cora E. Lewis, Oliver Martinez, Matthias Nauck, Wiro J. Niessen, Ben A. Oostra, Pamela J. Schreiner, Maaike Schuur, Stephen Sidney, Sigurður Sigurðsson, David J.M. Stott, John C. van Swieten, Anna Maria Töglhofer, Stephen T. Turner, Jing Jing Wang, Christiane Wolf, Alex Zijdenbos, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Maryam Kavousi, Nora Franceschini, Aaron Isaacs, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Ulf Schminke, Wendy S. Post, L. Adrienne Cupples, Jennifer E. Huffman, Terho Lehtimäki, Jens Baumert, Thomas Münzel, Abbas Dehghan, K.E. North, Eva‐Maria Stoegerer, Caroline Hayward, Olli T. Raitakari, Christa Meisinger, Arne Schillert, Serena Sanna, Henry Völzke, Bolli Þórsson, Caroline S. Fox, Fernando Rivadeneira, Vijay Nambi, Eran Halperin, Katja Petrovic, Leena Peltonen, Hans Wichmann, Renate B. Schnabel, Marcus Dörr, Afshin Parsa, Thor Aspelund, Serkalem Demissie, Sekar Kathiresan, Muredach P. Reilly, Kent D. Taylor, David Couper, Matthias Sitzer, Mika Kähönen, Thomas Illig, Philipp S. Wild, Marco Orrù, Jan Lüdemann, Alan R. Shuldiner, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Charles C. White, Jochen Seißler, Tanja Zeller, Gianluca Usala, Florian Ernst, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Daniel H. O’Leary, Christie M. Ballantyne, Joachim Thiery, Andreas Ziegler, Edward G. Lakatta, Ravi Kumar Chilukoti, Philip A. Wolf, Joseph F. Polak, Xia Li, Wolfgang Rathmann, Manuela Uda, Norman Klopp, James F. Wilson, Jorma Viikari, Wolfgang Köenig, Stefan Blankenberg, Anne B. Newman, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, Angelo Scuteri, Georg Homuth, Christopher J. O’Donnell
Bibliographic record
VenueNeurology · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetic Associations and Epidemiology
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersOffice of Research on Women's HealthNIH Clinical CenterNational Center for Research ResourcesU.S. National Library of MedicineNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Human Genome Research InstituteNetherlands Heart InstituteNIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreRoyal Holloway, University of LondonNational Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research CouncilMedical Research CouncilLeonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiNational Institutes of HealthCollege of Medicine, University of CincinnatiDementia Centre for Research CollaborationNational Institute on AgingUniversität GreifswaldStiftung zur Erforschung der Vaskulären DemenzCentre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyHjartaverndMedizinische Universität GrazPeking Union Medical CollegeDirectorate for Biological SciencesGöteborgs UniversitetDeutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative ErkrankungenEisaiNeuroscience Research AustraliaLeids Universitair Medisch CentrumUniversitat de BarcelonaMcKnight FoundationPfizerCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekVincent Fairfax Family FoundationNational Stroke FoundationStichting MS ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic ResearchDr. John T. MacDonald FoundationUniversiteit UtrechtZonMwMonash UniversityMinistero della SaluteCorona-StiftungInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleFondation LeducqWellcome TrustJohns Hopkins UniversityAgence Nationale de la RechercheNovartisNorth Bristol NHS TrustNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMurdoch UniversityLeonard M. Miller School of MedicineDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftPeking Union Medical College HospitalUniversity of TasmaniaAlzheimer's AssociationHunter Medical Research InstituteSkånes universitetssjukhusNational University of SingaporeCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteUniversiteit LeidenUniversity of GlasgowUniversity of OxfordHenry Smith CharityNewcastle UniversityUK-India Education and Research InitiativeCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAustrian Science FundNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilWestern Sydney UniversityDuke-NUS Medical SchoolShimane UniversityKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research InstituteMenzies Institute for Medical ResearchNational Center for Global Health and MedicineScottish Funding CouncilMassachusetts General HospitalUniversity College LondonCentre hospitalier régional universitaire de LilleNorthern California Institute for Research and EducationF. Hoffmann-La RocheRush UniversityHáskóli ÍslandsNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungMedpaceBritish Heart FoundationAlzheimer's Research TrustKU LeuvenUniversity of New South WalesSingapore Eye Research InstituteUniversity of PittsburghUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of PennsylvaniaU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsElanOffice of Research and DevelopmentSahlgrenska AkademinStroke AssociationAge UKUniversité de BordeauxBrigham and Women's HospitalHersenstichtingEli Lilly and CompanyGenentechKaiser PermanenteNational University Health SystemUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonBHF Centre of Research Excellence, OxfordGlaxoSmithKlineUniversity of EdinburghUniversity of MiamiBristol-Myers SquibbSiemens HealthineersLunds UniversitetUniversity of SydneyQueensland Brain InstituteUniversity of CincinnatiEuropean CommissionAstraZenecaSchool of Medicine, Boston UniversitySynarcKarl-Franzens-Universität GrazDana FoundationInstitute of GeneticsMinistry of Cultural AffairsVlaamse regeringBroad InstituteNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNovo Nordisk FondenAmerican Heart Association
KeywordsMedicineStroke (engine)PopulationGenome-wide association studyInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusCardiologySingle-nucleotide polymorphismEndocrinologyGenotypeGeneticsBiologyGene
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore genetic and lifestyle risk factors of MRI-defined brain infarcts (BI) in large population-based cohorts. METHODS: We performed meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and examined associations of vascular risk factors and their genetic risk scores (GRS) with MRI-defined BI and a subset of BI, namely, small subcortical BI (SSBI), in 18 population-based cohorts (n = 20,949) from 5 ethnicities (3,726 with BI, 2,021 with SSBI). Top loci were followed up in 7 population-based cohorts (n = 6,862; 1,483 with BI, 630 with SBBI), and we tested associations with related phenotypes including ischemic stroke and pathologically defined BI. RESULTS: ≤ 0.0022), without indication of directional pleiotropy. CONCLUSION: In this multiethnic GWAS meta-analysis, including over 20,000 population-based participants, we identified genetic risk loci for BI requiring validation once additional large datasets become available. High BP, including genetically determined, was the most significant modifiable, causal risk factor for BI.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.522
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.240
Teacher spread0.233 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations48
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes