Malignant obstructive jaundice; NCI Cairo University study: Review of 232 patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Obstructive jaundice is a common problem in the medical and surgical gastroenterological practice. Malignant obstructive jaundice can be caused by cancer head of pancreas, periampullary carcinoma, carcinoma of the gall bladder and cholangiocarcinomas.Objective: To review the etiological spectrum of malignant obstructive jaundice in NCI Cairo university during a period of 3 years (2008 till 2010).Patients and methods: Retrospective study including 232 patients who presented with malignant obstructive jaundice between (2008 to 2010). Data were collected from the biostatistics and cancer epidemiology department.Results: Out of 232 patients; 156 (67.2%) were male and 76 (32.8%) were female; the median age of the study population was 49 years (range 19-80 years). Our results indicate that the expression of CXCR4 and mTOR may be poor prognostic biomarkers in DLBCL. The commonest cause of malignant obstructive jaundice was pancreatic head cancer, 72% (167/232), followed by the ampullary carcinoma 15% (36/232). The last cause was cholangiocarcinoma 12.5% (29/233). Regarding the commonest symptom; clay colored stools (98.7%) was more frequent in patients with malignant disease whereas abdominal pain (97.7%) was2nd common symptom.Conclusion: Obstructive jaundice is more common among males and cancer head of pancreas is the commonest malignancy. US, ERCP and CT-Scan are important diagnostic modalities for evaluation of patient with obstructive jaundice with ERCP having the additional advantage of being therapeutic as well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".