Effects of pulsed electrodeposition parameters on the properties of zinc oxide thin films to improve the photoelectrochemical and photoelectrodegradation efficiency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were synthesized on ITO glass substrates by electrochemical deposition from a nitrate solution. The deposition potential, bath temperature and annealing temperature were fixed at −1.1 V versus SCE, 80 and 400 °C, respectively. Firstly, we prepared the ZnO thin films by two different electrochemical methods: direct (DE) and pulsed electrodeposition (PE). The results indicate that pulse electrodeposition improves the properties of ZnO thin films compared to direct electrodeposition technique. Secondly, we chose the PE method for the elaboration of ZnO thin films and we varied the time-On ( t on ) from 7 to 1 s. Deposited ZnO thin films were characterized using XRD, SEM, optical and photocurrent measurement. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the synthesized ZnO has a pure hexagonal wurtzite structure with a marked preferential orientation along the (002) plane perpendicular to the substrate. SEM analysis reveals that the electrodeposited nanosheets at time-On of 7 s are only hexagonal. A remarkable change in ZnO morphology from nanosheets to nanosheets/nanorods and decrease in gap energy is observed with the decrease in electrodeposition time-On. After optimization in electrodeposition time ( t on ), a significant improvement in photocurrent and Methylene Blue (MB) photoelectrocatalytical degradation were observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".