Hormonal Profile and Reproductive Parameters of Pre-vitellogenic Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) on Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seed Meal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of phytochemicals to control precocious maturation and indiscriminate spawning among tilapia species is an important issue in aquaculture. This study investigated the influence of pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed meal on the reproductive performance, and the sex hormone profile of sexually immature Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Pawpaw seed meal (PSM) were included in a tilapia commercial diet (basal diet) at an inclusion level of 0 PSM, 10 PSM and 30 PSM g/kg of the basal diet (BD), respectively, and fed to immature O. mossambicus for a period of 30 and 60 days, respectively. Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) procedures were used to quantify the plasma levels of 17β-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone. The inclusion of PSM did not affect the growth and survival rate of the O. mossambicus. The plasma levels of 11-ketotestosterone did not differ among the treatment groups. The 17β-estradiol levels of female fish that received 30 PSM g/kg BD for 60 days were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the levels reported for females that were not fed the PSM. In females, the PSM reduced the gonad weight, GSI, fecundity and egg diameter of fish. The study concludes that pawpaw seed meal affected the reproductive function of the female O. mossambicus though the changes were reversible.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".