Deactivation study of Ru‐Sn‐B/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts during selective hydrogenation of methyl oleate to fatty alcohol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this work, the deactivation of the Ru‐Sn‐B/Al 2 O 3 catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness method in the selective hydrogenation reaction of methyl oleate to fatty alcohol was studied. There was a decrease in both the activity and selectivity of fatty alcohol during successive reaction experiments. The fresh and deactivated catalysts were evaluated by different techniques such as TPR, XPS, TGA, Raman, and FTIR to determine the deactivation causes. Lower Ru and Sn content were found in the deactivated catalyst due to the loss of the active material during hydrogenation reaction. As the metal loss was more important for Ru than for Sn, the Ru/Sn ratio was changed, leading to a decrease of the selectivity. Moreover, the analysis of the XPS peak by the deconvolution of Sn species suggests the more active (SnO x ) species for selective hydrogenation are more affected than the less selective (SnO y ). Coke deposition was not observed by Raman and FTIR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".