Identification of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus from watermelon and zucchini in Saudi Arabia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Symptomatic and non-symptomatic leaf samples of cucumber, zucchini, melon and watermelon plants were collected from three locations (Al-Ahsa in the East, Jizan in the South and Tabuk in the North) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2013–2014. The detection of begomovirus infection was commenced with serological assay, rolling circle amplification and PCR amplification with universal begomovirus primers. The zucchini and watermelon samples tested positive for the presence of begomovirus infection in 53 and 39.6%, and 54.5 and 41.5% samples using serological and PCR-based detection, respectively. Based upon the core coat protein sequence, the full-length genomes of DNA-A and DNA-B were amplified and subsequently sequenced. The sequence analysis revealed that the two clones of DNA-A shared 96.9% nucleotide (nt) sequence identity with each other while they shared 95.9–98.4% nt sequence identity with watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) isolates reported so far. Similarly, the two DNA-B clones showed 91.8% mutual nt sequence identity, while sharing 95.2–95.5% nt sequence identity with all other reported DNA-B sequences. The phylogenetic dendrogram grouped both DNA-A clones into separate sub-groups, suggesting that both isolates were introduced separately into Saudi Arabia. The identification of WmCSV from zucchini in Saudi Arabia and other hosts in the neighbouring countries suggests that this virus is becoming an emerging threat to cucurbits in this region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".