Epi-Aortic Trunk Evaluation in Elderly Patients with and Without Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: In older patients depression and atherosclerosis can occur. The aim of the present study was to determine whether late-life depression (LLD) is associated with presence of carotid atherosclerosis, and to assess the direct proportionality between carotid atherosclerosis and depression severity. Methods: 456 patients [333 with LLD and 123 without LLD (noLLD)] attending the Ageing Evaluation Unit and Vascular disease Evaluation Unit were recruited. All patients were assessed by a standardized Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression – 21 items (HDRS-21). All patients had made a B-Mode Ultrasound scan and Color Doppler ultrasound scan of the epi-aortic trunks. Results: LLD patients showed significantly a higher grade of cognitive impairment (MMSE:p=0.003), a major impairment in any CGA domains (ADL:p<0.0001; IADL:p<0.0001; MNA:p<0.0001; ESS:p<0.0001; social support network distribution: p=0.017), and more frequent white matter lesions (WMLs:p<0.0001) than noLLD patients. Very severe LLD patients had a higher grade of cognitive impairment (MMSE:p=0.009; FAB:p=0.026; CDT:p=0.006), and a major impairment in any CGA domains (ADL:p=0.006; IADL:p=0.001; MNA:p<0.0001; ESS:p=0.003). WMLs were more frequent in Severe and Very severe LLD patients (p<0.0001). The patients with atherosclerosis were mainly more depressed (p<0.0001), smokers (p=0.002) and with WMLs (p=0.001) than patient without atherosclerosis. Patients with LLD demonstrated significantly a higher frequency in Moderate-severe atherosclerosis (p<0.0001). The severity of LLD seems increasing progressively in patients with Mild and Moderate-severe atherosclerosis, showing that the patients with Very severe LLD were significantly more frequent in Moderate-severe atherosclerosis (p=0.002). Conclusions: Subjects with atherosclerosis were more likely to be depressed. Moreover the severity of LLD seems increasing progressively in patients with Mild and Moderate-severe atherosclerosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".