Compact, Programmable, Two-Stage Configuration for Implantable Biopotential Recording Amplifiers
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes an area-efficient CMOS amplifier for neural recording applications. The proposed neural amplifier takes advantage of indirect negative feedback to realize a rather low upper [Formula: see text]3-dB cutoff frequency. As a result, the capacitance needed to realize the cutoff frequency is so small that can be easily implemented on-chip. Moreover, the proposed circuit also employs attenuators in the same feedback loop in order to further reduce the silicon area consumed by the capacitors and at the same time to increase the input impedance of the circuit. Designed based on a two-stage configuration, the amplifier provides tunable lower cutoff frequency and digitally-programmable upper cutoff frequency and voltage gain. The circuit is designed in a 0.18-[Formula: see text]m technology, and consumes 0.022[Formula: see text]mm 2 and 0.27[Formula: see text]mm 2 of chip areas for single- and eight-channel designs, respectively. Operated with a supply voltage of 1.8[Formula: see text]V, power consumption of the proposed amplifier is 36.7[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W with the simulated input-referred noise of 4[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] over 1[Formula: see text]Hz–10[Formula: see text]kHz for each channel. The amplifier also provides an output swing of 0.95 V pp with a total harmonic distortion of [Formula: see text]50[Formula: see text]dB at the frequency of 1[Formula: see text]kHz.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it