Root Distribution and Its Impacts on the Drought Tolerance Capacity of Hybrid Rice in the Sichuan Basin Area of China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Drought is one of the major factors limiting rice yield worldwide. A total of 46 hybrid rice varieties were chosen to investigate their root distribution and their response to drought. A field experiment was carried out in a dry shed building to evaluate the drought tolerance capacity of hybrid rice varieties on the basis of CTIRDE (complex tolerance index of rice under drought environment) values. Next, the experiment was conducted in a specially designed pot system and seed bags to analyze the root distribution and activity of antioxidant enzymes in different rice varieties. Moreover, the DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene was sequenced to elucidate its role in the root distribution of typical rice varieties. On the basis of CTIRDE values, the 46 hybrid rice varieties were classified as tolerant (CTIRDE ≥ 0.75), semi-tolerant (0.75 > CTIRDE > 0.65), or sensitive (CTIRDE ≤ 0.65) to drought stress. The tolerant varieties (Chuanguyou208 and Deyou4727) displayed a significantly larger length, had higher number and weight of roots in the 30–50 cm soil layer, and exhibited a significantly higher activity of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) enzymes in roots during the drought stress period. The DRO1 gene sequencing results revealed that the tolerant and sensitive varieties exhibited a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3-exon region, and the tolerant varieties (Chuanguyou208 and Deyou4727) exhibited a larger root growth angle with the horizontal axis, hence developing a deeper root system as compared with the other two group varieties. A significant correlation was found not only between the DRO1 gene and root distribution but also between DRO1 and the activity of SOD and POD enzymes. Conclusively, as a key feature, a deep root system enabled tolerant rice varieties (Chuanguyou208 and Deyou4727) to avoid drought stress by absorbing more water stored in deep soil layers. The root distribution, activity of POD and SOD enzymes in roots, and DRO1 gene can be used to screen tolerant rice varieties that can survive better under drought stress during the seedling stage of rice growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".