Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Gene Profiles Among <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates from Retail Chicken Carcasses in Vietnam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated virulence and resistance profiles of Escherichia coli in chicken carcasses from three retail systems in Vietnam. Fresh chicken carcasses from traditional markets and fresh and frozen chicken carcasses from supermarkets were sampled in Vietnam. E. coli isolates from carcass rinses were characterized for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence factors ( iucD , cnf , papC , tsh , KpsMT II , afa , and sfa ) and for phenotypical antimicrobial resistance by Sensititre ARIS ® as well as genotypically by polymerase chain reaction. An elevated proportion (30% to 70%) of samples resistant to antimicrobials critically important for human medicine was observed in routine isolates, with no significant differences between the three retail systems. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) ExPEC isolates of phylogroup B1 and, of greater concern, of phylogroup F were detected. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC β-lactamase-producing E. coli possessing bla CTX-M or bla CMY-2 resistance genes, respectively, were found. The presence of ExPEC with a high level of antimicrobial resistance (more than 50% of isolates) and MDR (91% of isolates) and detection of ESBL-producing E. coli underline the potential health threat for humans associated with mishandled chicken carcasses or consumption of undercooked chicken meat in Vietnam.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".