CO<sub>2</sub> Sequestration by Bile Salt Aqueous Solutions and Formation of Supramolecular Hydrogels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bubbling carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into aqueous solutions of bile salts such as sodium deoxycholate caused a gelation of the solution, forming a hydrogel made of entirely natural biological molecules and providing a convenient storage reservoir of CO 2 in water. The carboxylate group of the bile salt becomes protonated in the aqueous solutions to make the bile acid only marginally soluble in water, which induces the formation of a supramolecular hydrogel with nanofibrous structures. Such hydrogels show convenient gel–sol transition by the desorption of CO 2 . The mechanical properties of the hydrogels may be varied by the amounts of CO 2 in the media, reaching a peak value of the storage modulus of the hydrogel. Bubbling CO 2 initially yielded a transparent hydrogel which upon continued purging became mechanically stronger and optically opaque. The bile salt aqueous solutions absorb CO 2 effectively and may potentially serve as an alternative material for CO 2 capture and storage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".