CO<sub>2</sub> Sequestration by Bile Salt Aqueous Solutions and Formation of Supramolecular Hydrogels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bubbling carbon dioxide (CO2) into aqueous solutions of bile salts such as sodium deoxycholate caused a gelation of the solution, forming a hydrogel made of entirely natural biological molecules and providing a convenient storage reservoir of CO2 in water. The carboxylate group of the bile salt becomes protonated in the aqueous solutions to make the bile acid only marginally soluble in water, which induces the formation of a supramolecular hydrogel with nanofibrous structures. Such hydrogels show convenient gel–sol transition by the desorption of CO2. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels may be varied by the amounts of CO2 in the media, reaching a peak value of the storage modulus of the hydrogel. Bubbling CO2 initially yielded a transparent hydrogel which upon continued purging became mechanically stronger and optically opaque. The bile salt aqueous solutions absorb CO2 effectively and may potentially serve as an alternative material for CO2 capture and storage.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".