Multifunctional CO<sub>2</sub>‐switchable polymers for the flocculation of oil sands tailings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT A series of multifunctional homopolymer and copolymer of 2‐dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and N ‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) were designed and used to flocculate oil sands mature fine tailings (MFTs). Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) protonated the tertiary amine groups of P(DMAEMA) and P(DMAEMA–NIPAM) making their chains positively charged. The pH sensitivity of these polymers favored the flocculation of the negatively charged clays in MFT due to charge neutralization. Three different polymers, P(DMAEMA), P(NIPAM 33 –DMAEMA 67 ), and P(NIPAM 67 –DMAEMA 33 ) were synthesized via aqueous free‐radical polymerization and used to flocculate MFT in the presence of CO 2 . Experimentally, CO 2 was introduced in the system in three different ways: (1) CO 2 was first bubbled into polymer solution, then the polymer solution was added to MFT, (2) CO 2 was first bubbled into MFT and then the CO 2 ‐free polymer solution was added to MFT, and (3) both polymers and MFT were bubbled with CO 2 separately, then mixed together. We compared the effects of the method of CO 2 addition, copolymer composition, and polymer molecular weight on MFT flocculation performance. Our results indicate that CO 2 ‐switchable polymers can be employed to enhance the dewatering of challenging wastewaters such as oil sands tailings. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47578.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".