Comparison between test-particle simulations and test-particle theories for cosmic ray transport: III. Dynamical turbulence
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We explore analytically and numerically the motion of energetic particles such as electrons and protons through space. The electrically charged particles interact with a large scale or mean field and a turbulent component leading to a complicated stochastic motion. This type of physical scenario is important in plasma physics as well as particle astrophysics. Years ago a quasi-linear theory for particle transport was developed and applied in hundreds of research papers. Whereas it became clear that quasi-linear theory does not work for the transport of energetic particles across a large scale field, it is still unclear for which parameter regimes the theory works if diffusion along that field is explored. In the current paper, we therefore combine quasi-linear theory with dynamical isotropic turbulence and different turbulence spectra. The obtained results are then compared with test-particle simulations. We show that in the general case, quasi-linear theory does not provide an accurate description of parallel transport for isotropic turbulence even if dynamical turbulence effects are included.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it