Fluorescent Heterotelechelic Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Cellular Imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The folding and collapse of individual polymer chains into single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCPNs) is a versatile and emerging platform for biological applications such as diagnostics, imaging, and therapy, where components for two or more of these functions can be combined onto a single polymer carrier. Here, we prepare heterotelechelic polymers with three sets of separately addressable chemical handles at their α-terminus and ω-terminus, and along their backbone. As a model system, the α- and ω-termini are conjugated with a targeting ligand (folic acid or biotin) and therapeutic drug cargo (camptothecin), respectively, and the backbone is grafted with pendant fluorescent dye molecules, poly(ethylene glycol) oligomers, and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide. These polymers fold in water to give fluorescent SCPNs, which are characterized with respect to their physical and photophysical properties. The latter reveals a relationship between polymer folding, quantum yield, and resistance to photobleaching. The SCPNs are then shown to be useful for immunolabeling of SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells and exhibit little or no acute cytotoxicity. This work demonstrates that SCPNs can be used as a viable platform for bioconjugation and cell labeling, helps establish a set of design criteria for optimizing future biological applications, and opens the door to the development of SCPNs for a broader range of theranostic applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".