Latin American Regionalism in the XXI Century: An Ongoing Interactive Game of Resistance and Cooperation | El regionalismo latinoamericano en el siglo XXI: un juego interactivo de resistencia y cooperación
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resistance and cooperation were at the center of Latin American regionalism along the XXI century developing an interactive game among governments and regional agreements that is still going on. Though threats posed by the international system influenced the game, this article looks at how peripheral nations react to actions of other peripheral nations rather than to actions of central powers. We identify the main factors behind neighbours’ resistance to regionalism, place them in an interactive study of Latin American regionalism (2000-2018), and discuss how regional actors’ decisions influence other actors’ future decisions, combining game theory and discourse analysis . Our aim is to contribute supporting arguments to the literature that stresses actorness (agency) by developing nations . RESUMEN Se argumenta que en el siglo XXI resistencia y cooperación fueron el eje central de la interacción entre acuerdos regionales latinoamericanos y contribuyeron a impulsar un juego interactivo entre ellos. Aunque las amenazas del contexto internacional ejercieron influencia en el juego, se analiza cómo naciones periféricas latinoamericanas reaccionaron a acciones de otras naciones periféricas de su región antes que a las de naciones desarrolladas. Primero, se identifica los factores detrás de la resistencia de sus vecinos a distintos acuerdos regionales, luego se los ubica en un estudio longitudinal de la interacción entre ellos (2000-2018) y se discute de qué forma las decisiones tomadas dentro de un acuerdo influyeron sobre las decisiones de otros actores regionales, combinando teoría del juego y análisis del discurso. El artículo aporta argumentos a la literatura que enfatiza la agencia de las naciones en desarrollo en las Relaciones Internacionales. Keywords: Regionalism; interactive game; Latin America Palabras clave: regionalismo; juego interactivo; América Latina Recebido em 16 de Julho de 2018 | Received on July 16, 2018 Aceito em 6 de Outubro de 2018 | Accepted on Octubre 6, 2018 DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2018.36079
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".