Severity, change over time, and risk factors of anxiety in children with cancer depend on anxiety instrument used
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to describe severity of anxiety among children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy for cancer or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Secondary objectives were to describe how anxiety changes over time and determine factors associated with anxiety. METHODS: Participants were aged 8 to 18 and either receiving chemotherapy for cancer or undergoing HSCT for any indication. Respondents self-reported three anxiety measurement instruments at chemotherapy cycle or HSCT conditioning start and 3 weeks later. RESULTS: The proportion of participants with severe anxiety ranged from 10/77 (13.0%) to 22/77 (28.6%) depending on instrument used. Change over time also varied across instruments, with significant improvement observed with PedsQL (procedural) (P = 0.037) and PROMIS (P = 0.013). Factors associated with anxiety similarly varied by instrument. Older age was associated with more anxiety on the PedsQL (worry) (P = 0.036), and higher household income was associated with less anxiety on the MASC-10 (P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: While we found that a small proportion of patients met or exceeded thresholds for severe anxiety, we also noted that severity, change over time, and predictors of anxiety varied depending on instrument used. Future research should ensure that selected instruments measure the construct of interest and describe how anxiety is conceptualized in the study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".