A Refined One‐Slit‐Ring Method to Quantify Residual Hoop Stress in Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe—Application to Specimens After Immersion in Primer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A refined one‐slit‐ring method is presented to characterize residual hoop stress distribution in pipe ring specimens of inhomogeneous cross section. Although the original one‐slit‐ring method enables determination of residual hoop stress distribution through slitting single ring specimen in the axial direction, its use is limited to specimens of uniform material properties. This work is to extend applicability of the method to ring specimens with a cross section of core–shell structure. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe is used in the study, and core–shell structure in its ring specimens is introduced through immersion in primer for 30 min. Analytical expression for the residual hoop stress distribution in these specimens is derived, and verified using finite element (FE) simulation which uses a temperature gradient field to generate stress so that diametrical change by the slitting is same as that measured experimentally. Results from the analytical expression agree well with those from the FE simulation, showing decrease of the residual hoop stress by the exposure to primer, and the extent of decrease depends on the drying time after the immersion in primer, to about half of its original value after 30 days of drying, and then remains relatively constant afterwards. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E296–E309, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".