Temperature‐Mediated Microfluidic Extrusion of Structurally Anisotropic Hydrogels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, microfluidic extrusion of structurally anisotropic hydrogel sheets formed by cellulose nanocrystal methacrylate (CNC‐MA) and gelatin methacryloyl (Gel‐MA) is reported. The precursor CNC‐MA/Gel‐MA ink has temperature‐responsive and shear‐thinning properties, which make it compatible with extrusion‐based printing. To preserve shear‐induced CNC‐MA alignment, the extruded hydrogels are cooled down and photocrosslinked. It is shown that by varying the cooling temperature, the degree of structural anisotropy of the CNC‐MA/Gel‐MA hydrogels can be controlled, which is further augmented by varying the volumetric flow rate during extrusion. The structural anisotropy of the hydrogels is preserved at physiological temperatures (37 °C) for 7 days. The hydrogel sheets exhibit anisotropic mechanical and swelling properties with enhanced mechanical strength and reduced swelling along the extrusion direction. The design and use of this hydrogel expands the ability to create structurally anisotropic hydrogels with applications in biological and biomedical research, soft robotics and fundamental studies of anisotropy‐induced properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".