Measurement of phosphate in small samples using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced luminescence detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis-based method was developed for the detection of phosphate in small samples. Phosphate was incubated in buffer with 50 μM Eu3+-tetracycline to allow for the formation of the luminescent Eu3+-tetracycline-phosphate complex. The complex was separated from the excess Eu3+-tetracycline, which is also luminescent, and the complex detected by post-column laser-induced luminescence within a sheath flow cuvette. Separation time was <90 s with a total run time of 5 min. No flushing of the capillary was required between runs. Phosphate standards ranging from 10–200 μM were analyzed. Increasing the concentration of Eu3+-tetracycline increased the linear range but at the cost of a decreased sensitivity. A decrease in the Eu3+-tetracycline resulted in an increase in sensitivity down to 5 μM but a decrease in linear range. As an application, the phosphate content of a milligram sample of soil was determined to be 0.51 ppm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".