Marginalization, Resilience, Integration: Reconstructing and Globalizing Canada’s Celtic Fringe Island Region of Cape Breton
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Scholarship addressing informal peripheral regions in Canada is limited, with literature on territorial politics tending to privilege provinces and province groupings with uber-region status. The article provides a synthesized framework (using new institutionalism, identity, and new regionalism theorizations) for studying informal regions. The case of Cape Breton Island is presented to probe, through mixed methods, how political and cultural actors attempt to build, maintain, and reconstruct a region and adapt to globalization. Before Confederation, significant Scottish Gaelic immigration shaped a Celtic Fringe/Gaelic-sanctuary regional construction of Cape Breton. In 1820 Cape Breton was annexed to Nova Scotia, closing off a potential development path as a colony-province. It later entered a formally institutionalized province and federation as an informal region. Although Gaelic was then Canada’s third most spoken language, it was institutionally stigmatized, the Gaels marginalized. Industrialization, social modernization, attempted cultural homogenization, and transition in a post-industrial setting, have set the Gaels and the island on a challenging development path as the region is reconstructed. In the current era of globalization, pursuits of cultural, social, and economic development signal that, to some degree, regional cultures and political and institutional actors can resist, accommodate and offset globalization-related pressures, and, through incorporating regional preferences, identities, institution-building, and cultural revitalization, have an indigenizing effect on region-building and development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".