The relationship between the quantitative extent of late gadolinium enhancement and burden of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A delayed contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objectives To examine the relationship between late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) extent and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) characteristics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Background NSVT has been shown to be independently associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) in HCM. Previous studies have found LGE on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to be independently associated with NSVT. Methods Seventy‐three patients who had 14‐day Holter monitoring for either risk stratification for SCD (n = 62) or evaluation of atrial fibrillation (n = 11) on a CMR study were included. Areas of LGE in left ventricle (LV) were visually identified and analyzed quantitatively for both high (≥6 SD above the mean signal intensity of normal myocardium) and intermediate (≥4 but <6 SD) LGE signal intensity. Results Patients with more extensive LGE had longer ( P = 0.0028) and more frequent ( P = 0.02) episodes of NSVT. In univariate analyses, frequency of NSVT was associated with LGE extent ( r s = 0.43, P = 0.001), LV ejection fraction ( r s = −0.38, P < 0.001), LV mass ( r s = 0.32, P = 0.005), LV maximal wall thickness ( r s = 0.28, P = 0.016), and left atrium diameter ( r s = 0.29, P = 0.001); maximal length of NSVT was associated with LGE extent ( r s = 0.52, P < 0.001), LV ejection fraction ( r s = −0.44, P < 0.001), LV mass ( r s = 0.37, P = 0.001), and left atrium diameter ( r s = 0.3, P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, LGE extent remained the sole variable independently associated with frequency ( P = 0.001) and maximal length of episodes of NSVT ( P = 0.001). No significant association was found between the rate of NSVT and LGE extent. Conclusions LGE extent is independently associated with a greater burden and longer episodes of NSVT in HCM. These findings support the association between myocardial fibrosis as represented by LGE and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in HCM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".