Is Consumption of Fruit Juice Associated with an Increased Risk of Overweight or Obesity in Canadian School Age Children?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Obesity rates in Canada have tripled in the last three decades. Up to 32% of 5-17-year-olds in Canada are overweight (20%) or obese (12%). Excess weight in childhood has been linked to health issues that are major public health concern. For children, fruit juice is an important proportion of their daily fruit and vegetable servings. However, little is known about the association of fruit juice consumption and obesity. Objective: To investigate the association of consumption of fruit juice and the risk of overweight or obesity in 12 to 17 year-olds in Canada.Methods: Using the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2011-1012) we examined the association of fruit juice consumption and the risk of overweight or obesity in Canadian youth, while controlling sex, household income, healthy diet, and physical activity.Results: After adjusting for relevant confounders, consumption of more than one fruit juice a day remained associated with a lower odds of overweight or obesity. Even though the 95% CI for all the daily fruit juice consumption categories examined in the adjusted model included ‘1’, fruit juice consumption was associated with a reduction in the odds of being overweight or obese between 16% and 27%.Conclusion: We found a moderate negative association of daily consumption of fruit juice and overweight or obesity in Canadian youth. However, before any dietary recommendation on this age group of children are established, more research is needed to clarify the role of sex and healthy diet in this association.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".