M<scp>ichelle</scp> A<scp>rmstrong</scp>-P<scp>artida</scp>. <i>Defiant Priests: Domestic Unions, Violence, and Clerical Masculinity in Fourteenth-Century Catalunya</i>.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cartoonish picture of the parish priest as a promiscuous, ill-educated, greedy figure is a common trope in older scholarship of the premodern period in Europe. But in recent years a growing body of work on medieval and early modern England, Italy, France, and Iberia has challenged that earlier image through explorations of clerical responses to the rigid demands of Christian church reform measures. Michelle Armstrong-Partida’s new monograph, Defiant Priests, is a detailed and engaging study of the ecclesiastical responsibilities, household organization, and survival strategies of clerics in fourteenth-century Catalunya, and it makes an important contribution to this growing body of literature. The book has several aims. One is to replace the notion of medieval priests as sexually transgressive with a portrayal of clerics as patriarchs and husbands. A related aim is to explore clerics’ performance of masculinity within their communities. Finally, Armstrong-Partida argues that studies of the medieval clergy have relied too heavily on normative sources for their conclusions. Her own analysis is based in large part on extensive study of more than 2,500 individual records of episcopal visitations to parishes within several Catalunyan dioceses from the late thirteenth to the mid-fourteenth centuries. Visitations could include examinations of the property held by individual churches, the services they offered, and the conduct of their clergy; the records that resulted from these kinds of examinations are among the most detailed and valuable depictions of medieval ecclesiastical life at the local level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".