Influence of Sex on the Changes in Regional Fat and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Response to Exercise Training in Adolescents with Obesity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: We retrospectively examined the sex differences in the changes in (1) total fat, total and regional subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral fat, and intermuscular fat and (2) total and regional skeletal muscle distribution in response to aerobic exercise (AE) or resistance exercise (RE) in adolescents with obesity. Methods: Twenty-eight boys and 27 girls with obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile, 12–18 years) were randomly assigned to 3-month interventions (180 minutes per week) of AE or RE. Changes in total and regional fat and skeletal muscle distribution were assessed by a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Results: After controlling for corresponding baseline values, age, and race, changes in body weight, BMI, BMI z-score, and waist circumference were similar between exercise groups (p > 0.05) and sexes (p > 0.05). There were no sex or exercise group differences in the reductions in total fat, total SAT, visceral fat, or intermuscular fat. With AE, boys had greater (p < 0.05) reductions in abdominal SAT as compared with girls. With RE, boys had greater (p < 0.05) increases in total, upper body, and abdominal skeletal muscle as compared with girls. Independent of exercise modality, the improvement in VO2max was greater (p < 0.05) in boys than in girls. Independent of sex, the increase in muscular strength index was higher (p < 0.05) in the RE vs. AE group. Conclusion: With the exception of abdominal SAT, there were no sex or exercise treatment differences in the reductions in total and regional fat. In response to RE, the increases in total and regional skeletal muscle were significantly greater in boys than in girls.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".