Effect of Combination of L-Arginine and L-Carnitine on Serum AGEs Level, Kidney and Endothelial Function in Patients with Chronic Heart Fa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the study to evaluate the effect of combination of L-Arginine with L-Carnitine on GFR, serum AGEs level and endothelial function in chronic heart failure (HF) patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Materials and Methods: 35 patients with mean age 60,1 [56,7; 77,3] years with an established diagnosis of HFpEF were enrolled. The patients were randomly and blindly divided into 2 groups: first (1st) group pts were treated with a combination of L-Carnitine and L-Arginine in addition to standard treatment; 2nd group pts – with L-Arginine in addition to conventional treatment. Standard laboratory blood tests, lipid profile, glucose, renal and liver function tests, serum advanced glycation end-product (AGEs) level, echocardiographic examination, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD%) were performed for all patients baseline and after 10 days of treatment. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the CKD-EPI formula. Results: Median level of AGEs was 1.72 [1.34; 1.93] mg/ml. The level of AGEs was correlated with age (R = 0.71, p<0.05), disease duration (R = 0.69, p<0.05). After 10 days of treatment with a combination of L-Carnitine with L-Arginine mean AGEs was decreased by 13.1% in comparison with L-Arginine treatment group (p=0.0003). After the treatment in 1st group mean AGEs was significantly lower in comparison with the 2nd group (p=0.004). Baseline median level of GFR was 81.2 [72,1; 86,2] ml/min and correlated with disease duration (R = 0.71, p<0.05), AGEs level (R = -0.73, p<0.05). The inclusion combination of L-arginine aspartate with L-Carnitine contributed to the significant increase of GFR level (p=0.003). The median FMD% level was 6.2 [4.4; 7.9] % and correlated with age (R=-0.61, p < 0.05), GFR (R=0.54, p < 0.05). After the 10 days it had been established significant increasing of FMD% level on 47.9 % in 1st group (p=0.0005), and on 29.3 % in 2nd group (p=0.003). Endothelial function normalizing was achieved in 10 (66 %) pts of 1st group and in 9 (45%) pts of 2nd group (p=0.002). Conclusion: The combination of L-Carnitine, and L-Arginine improves kidney, endothelial function and contributes to decreasing of AGEs level in pts with HFpEF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".