Brexit Implications for Geographical Indications for Food and Beverages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As is known, a geographical indication (GI) is a sign that indicates that a product possessing certain characteristics comes from a particular area, where its quality, reputation or other important characteristics are linked to that geographical origin.GIs are protected in several countries of the world, especially in relation to food and beverages, although the degree and form of such protection varies from country to country. The EU protection schemeIn the EU GIs that meet the relevant requirements are registered as protected geographical indications (PGIs) or protected designations of origin (PDOs).PGIs and PDOs are governed by EU Regulation 1151/2012 (in relation to foodstuffs and agricultural products), 1 Regulation 479/2008 (in relation to wines) 2 and Regulation 110/2008 (in relation to spirits).3 This framework is part of the EU agricultural policy, as the production, manufacture and distribution of agricultural produce and foodstuffs play an important role within the EU's economy.4 Very popular products' names, including Champagne, Feta and Parmigiano cheeses, Parma ham and Bavarian beer, are protected under this legislative framework.British designations currently protected under the EU regime include Welsh lamb, Stilton blue and white cheeses, Scotch whisky, Cornish pasties, Kentish ale and the Melton Mowbray pork pie. 5 While France, Italy and Spain are the states with more EU GIs registrations, the UK has the highest number of GIs than any non-Mediterranean EU countries other than Germany.As recently as January 2018, the European Commission granted PGI status to a cheese from Wales (Traditional Welsh Caerphilly).6 UK does have 86 EU PDO and PGI registrations, in 1 Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs, [2012] OJ, L 343/1 [Council Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012]. 2 Regulation (EC) No 479/2008 of 29 April 2008 on the common organisation of the market in wine, amending Regulations (EC) No 1493/1999, (EC) No 1782/2003, (EC) No 1290/2005, (EC) No 3/2008 and repealing Regulations (EEC) No 2392/86 and (EC) No 1493/1999.3 Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 1576/89.4 Bertold Schwab, "The protection of geographical indications in the European Economic Community"
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".