Bibliographic record
Abstract
Automatic modulation classication is concerned with identifying the modulation present on a radio wave. This can be any type of radar or communication signal. It is employed in elds such as cognitive radio for communications, radar analysis for electronic warfare. This thesis is dedicated to classifying a variety of modulations used in modern radar. These include unmodulated, various types of frequency modulation, and phase shift keyed waveforms. This task is accomplished through feature extraction and machine learning techniques. The objective is to determine a suitable method applicable for real-time implementation in a complex electronic warfare environment. Three techniques are proposed: a decision tree combined with Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network, a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network, and a Convolutional Neural Network. The simulation results show that the decision tree achieves a low classication performance, the Multilayer Perceptron achieves good results in a controlled environment, while the Convolutional Neural Network achieves good generalizable results. The eects of noise, pulse width, and frequency changes are discussed. Each systems latency is also examined. List of Tables 1 Constant Signal Generator Parameters . . . . . .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".