CP Antenna Array With Switching-Beam Capability Using Electromagnetic Periodic Structures for 5G Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel circularly polarized electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) antenna array backed by an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) that operates in the 26-32-GHz bands. The designed antenna is a 2 x 2 Yagi-Uda antenna array that uses the directors' semicircles to direct the radiation in the horizontal end-fire direction. The feeding of the array is designed with two parallel T-junction portions forming a parallel feeding network that converts the polarization from linear to circular. An AMC is placed underneath the antenna to suppress the backward radiation and obtain the propagation only in the +z plane. The novel approach is based on the fact that EBGs are placed around the array to give to the antenna, beamswitching capability. This simple technique provides a high beam tilting angle of +90° from the end-fire to the full broadside plane. The final EBG-AMC-antenna array is circularly polarized and presents, at 29 GHz, a gain of 11.9 dBi, and an axial ratio bandwidth of 10% from 28 to 31 GHz. By assessing the high antenna performances presented in this paper, and the high angle beam-switching capability by adding the EBG, the novel array could be seen as a potential candidate for implementation in future 5G applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".