Experimental Evaluation of the Critical Flutter Speed on Wings of Different Aspect Ratio
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, wind tunnel experiments were conducted to evaluate the critical flutter speed of wings for three pertinent flight parameters (i) the aspect ratio (AR), (ii) the angle of attack (AoA), and (iii) the aircraft propeller excitation. Six symmetrical wings (NACA0012 design), of fixed chord length of 80 mm and varied AR from 8.75 to 15, were used for this purpose. These wings were mounted horizontally in the wind tunnel as fixed-free condition. The airflow speed is increased slowly until the wing flutters. The results show that the critical flutter speed decreases when the AR increases. For higher AR, the effect of the AoA on the flutter speed is minimal. However, for low AR, the AoA is vital in delaying the flutter instability of the wing. This critical speed spans low to moderate Reynolds numbers based on the wing chord length (Rec =7×104-2×105) which corresponds to the speed range of High Altitude and Long Endurance (HALE) aircraft. In contrast, for a propeller excitation outside the resonance region of the wing, its effect of the on flutter characteristics is not noticeable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".