Water Resources of Monroe County, New York, Water Years 1984-88, With Emphasis on Water Quality in the Irondequoit Creek Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Irondequoit Creek, which drains 169 square miles in the eastern part of Monroe county, has been recognized as a source of pollution that contributes to the eutrophication of Irondequoit Bay, on Lake Ontario. The discharge of sewage to the creek and its tributaries was eliminated in 1979 by diversion to a wastewater-treatment facility, but sediment and nonpoint-source pollution remains a concern. Statistically significant trends were noted in 1984-88 concentrations of several chemical constituents of streams in the Irondequoit Creek basin. Total suspended-solids concentrations increased 36 to 37 percent per year in one tributary and at one site on the mainstem of Irondequoit Creek, and volatile suspended-solids concentrations increased 20 to 24 percent per year at the two most downstream sites. Ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased 17 to 28 percent per year at all but one of the five sites, and nitrite plus nitrate concentrations decreased from 6.2 to 8.8 percent per year at one upstream site and the two most downstream sites. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen increased 7.2 percent per year at one upstream site. Total phosphorus concentrations increased 9.2 to 18.5 percent per year at three sites, and orthophosphorus decreased 6.8 percent per year at the most downstream site. Sulfate decreased by 5.1 to 8.4 percent per year at two sites, and chloride increased 2.4 percent per year in Alien Creek. Median concentrations of constituents were significantly lower in atmospheric deposition than in streamflow, although annual atmospheric loads of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, total phosphorus, and orthophosphorus into the basin were greater than those removed by streamflow. Loads of dissolved chloride and sulfate in atmospheric deposition, by contrast, represented only 3 and 12 percent, respectively, of the downstream loads in streamflow of Irondequoit Creek (Blossom Road site). Comparison of water-quality data collected in the Irondequoit Creek basin during water years 1984-88 with corresponding data from the 1980-81 National Urban Runoff Program (NURP) study indicates significant changes in median concentrations of several constituents. Dissolved chloride concentrations in streamwater generally increased from the 1981 study to the 1984-88 study except at Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road, where they decreased. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations decreased at all sites, and total suspended solids showed no change. Mean dissolved chloride and total phosphorus loads in atmospheric deposition increased 25 percent and 35 percent, respectively, from the 1980-81 study to the 1984-88 study, whereas dissolved lead loads decreased more than 80 percent. These changes resulted from several factors within the basin, including land-use changes, annual and seasonal variations in streamflow, and temporal variations in the application of road-deicing salts on area roads. Residential land use in the Irondequoit Creek basin increased by about 11 percent during 1985-89, and agricultural land use in the towns of Mendon, Pittsford, and Perinton decreased by 13.8 percent. Statistical analyses of long-term (9 years or more) discharge records of three unregulated streams in Monroe County indicate that mean annual discharges for water years 1984-88 were in the normal range; in this period, the greatest annual mean flow about 130 percent of normal occurred in 1984, and, lowest mean flow about 73 percent of normal occurred in 1988. The average annual mean for 1984-88 was about 104 percent of normal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".