Whence and Whither the Convolvulus Psyllid? An Invasive Plant Leads to Diet and Range Expansion by a Native Insect Herbivore
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arrival and spread of nonnative plant species can lead to changes in structure and function of the native insect fauna that include shifts in host use by native insect herbivores. Well-documented examples showing that these host shifts also lead to range expansion of native herbivores are, however, surprisingly rare. Evidence for range expansion requires an understanding of the insect’s distribution preceding arrival of exotic species. These data often are lacking. The North American psyllid Bactericera maculipennis (Crawford) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), a specialist herbivore on plants in the Convolvulaceae, has been hypothesized to have expanded its geographic range after colonizing the exotic field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.; Convolvulaceae). Efforts to test this idea run into the same retrospective problems typical of these analyses, in that the psyllid’s host plant and its geographic distribution preceding arrival of C. arvensis are uncertain. We used the psyllid’s current association with C. arvensis to help identify its natal (pre-bindweed) host, reasoning that a host shift by this specialist herbivore would be more likely if natal and exotic species are closely related. Phylogenetic analyses of plants, rearing trials, and field records led us to target species of Calystegia R. Brown (hedge and false bindweeds; Convolvulaceae) as natal hosts of B. maculipennis. The current presence of B. maculipennis in regions lacking Calystegia but where C. arvensis is common supported the hypothesis that arrival of the exotic weed C. arvensis has indeed led to range expansion by this host-specialized psyllid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".