Hybrid Gold–Conductive Metal Oxide Films for Attenuated Total Reflectance Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of conductive metal oxide (CMO) films as supporting layers for attenuated total reflectance surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) is treated theoretically and experimentally. The greater mid-infrared transparency of thin layers of indium zinc oxide (IZO), as compared to metals, is verified through IR reflectivity measurements and the Drude model. IZO layers sputtered on silicon micromachined internal reflection elements (Si μIREs) are found to have a thin surface layer with slightly different plasma frequency and electronic scattering time compared to the bulk material. The complex permittivity and refractive index of the IZO can be extracted using the Drude model. This allows application of the Bruggeman effective medium theory to calculate the ATR-SEIRAS response of a layer of gold prolate spheroids supported on an IZO film. Calculated ATR-SEIRAS spectra for a 1 nm thick organic film, modeled as a Lorentz oscillator, predict an order of magnitude improvement in absorbance strength using the IZO film as a base layer compared to a conventional, gold covered internal reflection element. These predictions are qualitatively verified by the electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on an IZO modified Si internal reflection element and the study of the potential controlled adsorption of a pyridine derivative. The IZO/Au layers are found to be very mechanically stable and can withstand large potential perturbations. This is demonstrated through the in situ study of the repeated reductive desorption of a self-assembled monolayer of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".