Data-driven Robust Scoring Approach for Driver Profiling Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Driving behavior profiling has important relevance in many driving applications. For instance, car insurance companies have been recently applying a new insurance paradigm in which a driver's insurance premium is adapted based on realtime driving behavior. Driver profiling process is composed of two sub processes. The first is the detection of certain driving behaviors by acquiring data from onboard devices such as smartphones and OBDII units, whereas the second is the scoring process in which the detected behaviors are used to measure the actual driving risk. The scoring process has been viewed as an intricate problem due to the lack of reliable and large-scale datasets that can provide statistically trustworthy insights. This paper presents a data-driven approach for calculating a driver's risk score by utilizing the SHRP2 naturalistic driving dataset, which is the largest dataset of its kind to date. Two machine learning algorithms, which are support vector regression (SVR) and decision tree regression (DTR) are trained to reflect a driver's score. Driver's score is quantified in terms of the additive inverse of the predicted risk probability. After data filtering and preprocessing, models are trained using thirteen predictors, which represent twelve unique driving behaviors and the total driving time per driver. Validation results show that risk probability can be accurately predicted using the proposed models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".