Printed RGW Circularly Polarized Differential Feeding Antenna Array for 5G Communications
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a differential feeding circularly polarized antenna array implemented with printed ridge gap waveguide technology for millimeter-wave applications is proposed. The differential feeding power divider is designed based on aperture coupling to achieve a stable 180° phase imbalance over 20% operating bandwidth at 30 GHz with sufficient matching level. This power divider is deployed to excite and test the proposed differential feeding antenna. The proposed antenna is formed by a rectangular aperture having a circular-shaped polarizer consisting of patch surrounded by an open-end ring, which is differentially fed. This polarizer is deployed to achieve a circular polarization radiation through a 10 % frequency bandwidth. A high-gain antenna array is implemented by extending the aperture size to have four radiating elements. The antenna array is fabricated, where the experimental results verify a -10 dB impedance bandwidth from 27.7 to 32.4 GHz (15.6%). Moreover, a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth over 10 % is achieved, which is sufficient enough to cover the operating bandwidth of potential 5G applications at 30 GHz. The fabricated prototype achieves a 3 dB gain of 14 dB, with low cross polarization and a radiation efficiency higher than 84% over the whole operating frequency bandwidth.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it