Anoctamin-4 is a bona fide Ca2+-dependent non-selective cation channel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Changes in cell function occur by specific patterns of intracellular Ca 2+ , activating Ca 2+ -sensitive proteins. The anoctamin (TMEM16) protein family has Ca 2+ -dependent ion channel activity, which provides transmembrane ion transport, and/or Ca 2+ -dependent phosphatidyl-scramblase activity. Using amino acid sequence analysis combined with measurements of ion channel function, we clarified the so far unknown Ano4 function as Ca 2+ -dependent, non-selective monovalent cation channel; heterologous Ano4 expression in HEK293 cells elicits Ca 2+ activated conductance with weak selectivity of K + > Na + > Li + . Endogenously expressed Ca 2+ -dependent cation channels in the retinal pigment epithelium were identified as Ano4 by KO mouse-derived primary RPE cells and siRNA against Ano4. Exchanging a negatively charged amino acid in the putative pore region (AA702–855) into a positive one (E775K) turns Ano4-elicited currents into Cl − currents evidencing its importance for ion selectivity. The molecular identification of Ano4 as a Ca 2+ -activated cation channel advances the understanding of its role in Ca 2+ signaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".