Microarcing-enhanced tungsten nano and micro-particles formation in low pressure high-density plasma
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, tungsten dust formation kinetics in two distinct plasma regimes (glow and micro-arc-assisted glow discharge) are compared using the in situ time-resolved laser extinction method coupled to ex-situ Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses. This experimental study is carried out using low pressure/high density argon dual plasma that combines microwave and pulsed direct-current (tungsten cathode) discharges. Using this plasma system, we could access either to a sputtering glow regime (microarc-free) or to a micro-arcing assisted glow regime by tuning the direct-current voltage and the pulse frequency. On the one hand, in the sputtering glow regime, only dust nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 75 to 150 nm are produced with a low density of ∼1012 m−3. On the other hand, in the micro-arc-assisted glow regime, microparticles in the range of 1–5 μm are produced along with a strong enhancement of nanoparticle production with density up to ∼1014 m−3, and a broad size distribution ranging from ∼30 nm to 700 nm is observed. We show that micro-arcing not only results in micro-meter sized particles through melting/solidification but also strongly promotes the production of nanoparticles in the 100 nm size range.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it