Avi Brisman, Bill McClanahan, Nigel South and Reece Walters (2018) Water, Crime and Security in the Twenty-First Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water, Crime and Security in the Twenty-First Century challenges the taken-for-granted assumption that comprehensive criminological analyses and water do not mix.On the contrary, as the authors detail, a greater examination of water from a criminological perspective progresses a timely and warranted discussion forward, centring and acknowledging the interrelations between water, crime and social justice.The authors propose a novel analysis of the water-crime nexus, exploring resonances from a broader vantage point of examining how these notions intersect, coalesce and conflict.The authors argue that this text provides criminology's first book-length contribution to the study of water and crime-and, indeed, this statement should not go unnoticed.Water is the essence of life, but for too long criminological analyses have not given water the examination it properly deserves.As water is essential to everyone everywhere, the authors make a compelling argument for the recognition that it is and ought to be a basic human right.Casting a critical lens on the power, interests and social forces that determine, grapple with or resist the current quantity, quality and accessibility of freshwater worldwide, this book provides not only a sophisticated account of water and crime, but also makes an excellent step in the right direction to examine key connections between the two elements, which can no longer be suppressed or evaded by criminological inquiry.A well-structured and provocative book, the authors divide the text into eight chapters.Each chapter centres upon a main challenge freshwater faces as it is drawn into human interests, and the criminal activities that ensue when such interests clash.Chapter 1 is the introduction to the book, which outlines the justifications for the complicated yet timely necessity of its focusnotably, a criminological overview of the historical and contemporary relationship between water and crime, which seeks to capture the ways in which criminology could engage with current and ongoing issues of each component going forward.Chapter 2 ('Too Dirty') addresses water and pollution as a global problem with local and regional manifestations.Tied into the issue of pollution is the equally important issue of access, and it is this tragedy of water access that the authors turn to in the following chapter.As such, Chapter 3 ('Too Little') focuses on water availability and access, particularly examining such accessibility issues in both the Global South and Global North.As water is fundamental for all life on the planet, the scarcity of and access to water shapes how human interests will converge or conflict, especially when restrictions that
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.082 | 0.032 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".