Sublimation conditions as critical factors during freeze-dried probiotic powder production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim was to study the effect of sublimation temperature (from –20 °C to –10 °C) and sublimation time (from 18 to 40 h) on the viability of Lactobacillus fermentum K73, the moisture content and the texture features by response surface methodology. The stability of the freeze-dried powders was studied; these powders were stored at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C for 36 days. Four different matrices were used: culture medium (8% total solids), the mixture of this solution with maltodextrin: whey (0.6: 0.4), with maltodextrin or whey (40% total solids). Results showed that the sublimation conditions to increase cell viability (>8.755 log CFU/g) and to decrease moisture content (<4.087% [wet basis]) in the mixtures were –10 °C and 18 h. The image analysis successfully correlated sublimation temperature and time with the structural characteristics of the powders, cell viability, and moisture content. The shelf life study showed that the specific rate of cell viability loss was lower when the freeze-dried powders were stored at 4 °C, being the denatured whey solution the best cryoprotectant matrix during the freeze-drying process and shelf life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".