REMEDIATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS CONTAMINATED SOILS BY LABORATORY SYNTHESIZED ZERO-VALENT NANO IRON (ZVNI) PARTICLES: EFFECT OF pH AND ALUMINIUM SALTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Degradation of the insecticide chlorpyrifos in contaminated soils was investigated using laboratory synthesized zero-valent nano iron (ZVNI)particles. The synthesized ZVNI particles were determined as nano scale by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electronmicroscopic (TEM) analysis. The zero valent state (Fe0) of iron was confirmed by EDAX analysis and the morphology of the ZVNI particles wasstudied by XRD. Batch experiments were conducted by treating the chlorpyrifos contaminated soil with ZVNI, our results indicate that 90% ofchlorpyrifos was degraded after 10 days of incubation. Only 32% degradation was observed with micro zero valent iron(mZVI) and no considerabledegradation was attained without ZVNI. The degradation of chlorpyrifos has followed the first-order kinetics with a rate constant and a half-life of0.245 day-1 and 2.82 days respectively. Degradation was monitored at two different pH values i.e. pH 10 and pH 4. Chlorpyrifos degradation rateconstant was increased as the pH decreases from 10 to 4. The corresponding rate constant and half-lives were 0.43day-1 and 1.57days for pH 4,0.18day-1 and 3.65days for pH 10. In addition, an attempt was made by augmenting Al2(SO4)3 with ZVNI and it was found that the degradation rateof chlorpyrifos was greatly enhanced and the rate constant was rapidly increased from 0.245day-1 to 0.60day-1. Hydrolysis and stepwise dechlorination pathway of chlorpyrifos with ZVNI was the dominant reaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".