Heat shock protein 90 does not contribute to cutaneous vasodilatation in older adults during heat stress
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) contributes to cutaneous vasodilatation during exercise in the heat through nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-dependent mechanisms in young adults. We hypothesized that similar responses would be observed in older middle-aged adults. METHODS: In nineteen habitually active older middle-aged (56 ± 5 years) men (n = 9) and women (n = 10), cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was measured at four forearm skin sites continuously treated with (a) lactated Ringers solution (Control), (b) 10 mmol/L L-NAME (NOS inhibitor), (c) 178 μmol/L geldanamycin (HSP90 inhibitor), or (d) 10 mmol/L L-NAME and 178 μmol/L geldanamycin combined. Participants rested in an upright semi-recumbent position in the heat (35°C) for 70 minutes, followed by a 50-minute bout of moderate-intensity cycling (~55% peak oxygen uptake) and a 30-minute recovery period in the heat. RESULTS: In both men and women, we observed no significant effects of HSP90 inhibition on CVC throughout rest, exercise, and recovery in the heat (all P > 0.27). Conversely, NOS inhibition and dual NOS and HSP90 inhibition attenuated CVC relative to Control throughout the protocol (all P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: While NOS mediates cutaneous vasodilatation during rest, exercise, and recovery in the heat, HSP90 does not measurably influence this response in habitually active older middle-aged men or women under these conditions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it