Shear rheological properties of composite fluids and stability of particle suspensions: Potential implications for fracturing and environmental fluids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Composite fluids are comprised of particles and polymers and are used for fracking and the in‐situ treatment of subsurface contaminants. This study investigates the correlation between the shear viscoelasticity of guar aqueous solutions and their effectiveness in suspending sand, which is a common fracking proppant. In the absence of a crosslinker, the shear viscous modulus (G”) of 5 g/L guar solutions was greater than the shear elastic modulus (G’). When the crosslinker borax was added, the guar solutions behaved as yield stress fluids (G’ > G”). Sand was well‐suspended in the crosslinked guar solutions but settled in non‐crosslinked fluids. Similar results were obtained with fenugreek gum. This study also investigates the correlation between particle settling and the effect of particle addition on the rheology of the fluids. Granulated activated carbon (GAC) particles are utilized to remediate polluted sites and were used as model particles. Guar and xanthan effectively suspended the GAC. Anionic polyacrylamide effectively suspended the GAC but not after soaking in sodium dodecyl sulphate. Zetag 8167 did not effectively suspend the GAC. The addition of 10 g/L of GAC did not affect the shear rheology of the fluids that suspended them, but decreased the shear viscoelastic moduli of the polymeric fluids that could not suspend them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".