A257 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CELIAC DISEASE AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Celiac disease is a gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) describes a range of developmental disorders that affects communication and behavior with no known cause. Several epidemiological studies have explored a possible connection between celiac disease and ASD. To evaluate the association between celiac disease and ASD. A systematic review was performed. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for observational studies reporting the co-occurrence of celiac disease and ASD between January 1st, 1946 and May 2nd, 2018. Studies reporting the prevalence of ASD within a cohort of celiac disease patients or vice versa were included. Studies were assessed for quality, heterogeneity, and overall findings. Fifteen articles investigating the association between celiac disease and ASD were identified (Table 1); thirteen studies observed cohorts of ASD patients and four studies observed cohorts of celiac disease patients. There was significant heterogeneity between studies. Statistically significant results supporting the association between ASD and celiac disease were observed in three studies that had the largest sample sizes. However, the majority of studies demonstrating no association employed invalid or unclear sampling techniques, were at risk of selection bias, or included small sample sizes. This systematic review suggests there is limited evidence to support an association between ASD and celiac disease. However, several study design characteristics, rather than the non-existence of this comorbidity, may explain these findings. Further population-based studies are necessary to adequately assess the relationship between these two conditions. NR: not reported; N/A: not applicable (i.e., no control group) †diagnosis of ASD before celiac disease ^diagnosis of ASD after celiac disease NR: not reported; N/A: not applicable (i.e., no control group) †diagnosis of ASD before celiac disease ^diagnosis of ASD after celiac disease None
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.012 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".