Abstract MP29: Body Fat and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women With Normal Body Mass Index: the Women’s Health Initiative
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Excess body weight characterized by higher BMI is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In individuals with normal BMI, the extent to which body fat distribution may impact CVD risk is unclear, particularly in postmenopausal women who often experience fat redistribution. Hypothesis: We hypothesized a detrimental impact of trunk fat and a favorable impact of leg fat on risk of CVD risk among postmenopausal women with normal BMI. Methods: We analyzed data from 2683 normal-weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ) women in the Women’s Health Initiative study without known CVD at baseline (1993-1998). Body composition including whole body and regional fat mass (FM) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Incident CVD events including coronary heart disease (coronary death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization) and stroke were ascertained through February 2017. Results: There were 291 incident cases of CVD during a median 17.9 years of follow-up. After multivariable adjustment, whole body FM or FM percentage was not significantly associated with CVD risk. Higher trunk FM percentage was associated with increased risk of CVD (HR comparing extreme quartiles = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.33-2.74, P -trend <0.001), while higher leg FM percentage was associated with lower risk of CVD (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43-0.89, P -trend = 0.008) ( Figure ). These associations were slightly attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio. Higher trunk fat combined with lower leg fat was associated with particularly higher risk of CVD (HR comparing extreme groups = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.46-7.62). Similar significant associations of trunk fat and leg fat were observed for coronary heart disease but not for stroke. Conclusions: Among postmenopausal women with normal BMI, higher trunk fat was associated with increased risk of CVD, while higher leg fat was associated with decreased risk of CVD, independently of central adiposity measures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".