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THE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF E–COMMERCE SERVICES IN THE UNITED STATES

2019· article· en· W2921315437 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Trade and Trade Policy · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicDigitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTrade in servicesBusinessEuropean unionInternational tradeService (business)TelecommunicationsQuarter (Canadian coin)Financial servicesGeographyMarketingFree tradeFinanceComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The article deals with the latest trends in US trade in electronic services, in particular audiovisual services, computer services and data processing services, telecommunication services. Since 2007 trade of audiovisual services has been the most significant in theUSe-services export. The largest consumers of these services are the European Union, Asia and the Pacific region (the main consumers areChinaandIndia) and Central and South America (BrazilandArgentina). Among the countries, the main importers of American audiovisual services are theUK,CanadaandGermany. The main share of audiovisual services is occupied by film distribution and streaming media. In theUSAaudiovisual services are imported by theUK,Brazil,Mexico,CanadaandArgentina. For several years there is a deficit in the trade turnover of computer services in theUnited States. The main importers of these services from theUnited Statesare theUnited Kingdom.Canada,Switzerland,India,Germany. TheUSA, in turn, uses computer services fromIndia(47%),Canada,Ireland, theUKandGermany. The American telecommunications market is about a quarter of the world's, so theUSAis the largest national market for this type of service. The importing countries of theUStelecommunications services are theUnited Kingdom,Mexico,India,Canadaand theNetherlands, and the main export consumers areBrazil,Argentina, theUnited Kingdom,VenezuelaandCanada.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.693
Threshold uncertainty score0.234

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.236
Teacher spread0.221 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it