Nano Spray‐Dried Block Copolymer Nanoparticles and Their Transformation into Hybrid and Inorganic Nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A novel combination of block copolymer (BCP) nano spray‐drying (NSD), solvent annealing, and selective metal oxide growth is utilized to create functional polymer nanoparticles, polymer‐metal‐oxide hybrid nanoparticles, and templated metal oxide nanoparticles with tunable composition, internal morphology, and porosity. NSD of BCPs from chloroform and toluene solutions results in porous and nonporous nanoparticles, respectively, with various degrees of phase separation. Further tuning of the nanoparticle internal morphology is performed by solvent annealing the spray‐dried particles with judicious choice of the nonsolvent dispersion medium and the surfactant, yielding assembly of both blocks at the surface of the nanoparticles. Finally, ZnO and Al2O3 are grown inside the polar blocks of phase‐ordered nanoparticles using a sequential infiltration synthesis method, in a post‐assembly process, resulting in hybrid BCP‐ZnO particles and BCP‐templated Al2O3 nanoparticles, as demonstrated by scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography. These structure engineering methods open new ways to direct and template functional nanoparticles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".