Compressive Sensing-Based Underground Channel Estimation Operating in Millimetter-Wave Band
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Propagation in underground mine environment, especially for millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) band is envisioned as one of the most challenging communication systems. An efficient channel estimation is made critical for 60 GHz communications, because this, high-resolution step can significantly enhance the stability and the data rates of the communication system. This paper investigates a promising compressed sensing (CS) based underground channel estimation scheme in time domain for 2 x 2 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system operating in the 60 GHz band. Motivated by the observation that the mm-Wave channel is prone to exhibit sparsity, this architecture is applied on channel measurements which are performed in real MIMO underground mine environments, by skillfully designing the pilots within the frame. This work is considered to be the first investigation that estimated the underground radio channel based on real-world propagation measurements at this band. We have retained the conventional least squares (LS) as the benchmark to show that the CS estimator technique achieves a higher estimation accuracy than the former in terms of both the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and the bit error rate (BER).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".