Performance of UASB Reactors at 6 to 32°C in Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The feasibility of using a high-rate upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system for the treatment of low-strength municipal wastewater at 6 to 32°C was investigated for temperate climate applications. UASB reactors could be started up successfully in about 60 days at 20°C. Under stable conditions, the removal of COD, BOD and SS ranged from 38 to 90%, 47 to 91% and 50 to 92%, respectively, for a temperature range of 6 to 32°C. Sulfate reduction ranged from 10 to 90%, showing a decreasing trend with a decrease in temperature at each HRT. The average biogas production and methane content ranged from 167 to 199 mL CH4/g-CODremoved and 65 to 86%, respectively. The recovery of methane in the gas phase was very low compared with soluble COD removals, especially during operation at lower temperatures (6 to 15°C). Digital image analysis and scanning electron microscopy results indicated the aggregation of biomass in the form of flocs and small granules. The mean size of aggregated sludge particles increased from 0.2 to 3.0 mm, with a sludge volume index of 18 ± 2 mL/g during the operation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".