Bat activity and richness in beetle-killed forests in southern British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wildlife species exhibit changes in behavior, population dynamics, and abundance after disturbances to forests. In western North America, large swathes of dead trees have resulted from unusually large outbreaks of bark beetles (Dendroctonus spp.) over recent decades. For bats, these tree mortality events could be either negative or positive, depending on whether cavities and crevices for roosting increase in response to beetle outbreaks and how the food supply is affected. It is therefore important to determine bat presence and activity in areas with many beetle-killed trees. We examined bat species richness in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada, in areas with light and severe beetle-kill. We identified six bat species from acoustic recorders; the federally endangered little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) had the most detections. Although we surveyed stand-level vegetation, we found no systematic difference between areas identified from government aerial surveys as having had high or low beetle-kill within the previous decade. Neither beetle-kill severity nor the fine-scale vegetation that we measured correlated with bat presence or activity. We conclude that bats in this region use beetle-killed forests and that the severity of beetle-killed trees is neither adversely affecting bat presence or activity, nor enabling increased use by bats of affected forest stands in comparison to activity levels found in other high elevation forests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".