Abstract 14278: The Impact of American-Style Football Participation on Left Ventricular Systolic Function
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Participation in American-Style Football (ASF) has been associated with the development of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). To date, data defining the impact of ASF participation on myocardial function are lacking. We hypothesized that the LVH developed among ASF participants is accompanied by relative impairment in systolic function as measured by LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), a well-established marker of subclinical LV dysfunction. Methods: Collegiate ASF athletes were studied before (preseason) and after (postseason) a single competitive season with transthoracic echocardiography. LV systolic function was assessed using complementary parameters including GLS (speckle tracking) and ejection fraction (EF, 2D biplane). Analyses were stratified as a function of lineman (LM, n=30) versus non-lineman (NLM, n=57) field position. Results: Among 87 athletes analyzed, ASF participation was associated with significant increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP, 119±10 vs. 124±13 mmHg; p<0.05), BSA-indexed LV mass (LVMI, 95±15 vs. 104±13 g/m2; p<0.05), and prevalent LVH (8% vs. 25%, p<0.05). The majority of LM with LVH (9/11, 82%) had concentric geometry while hypertrophied NLM (8/10, 80%) had eccentric geometry. In this context, LM demonstrated a significant decrease in GLS which was associated with changes in LV mass and SBP while NLM demonstrated an increase in GLS unrelated to either mass or SBP (Figure). Left ventricular EF was similar at both time points and did not differ by field position. Conclusions: The geometry and functional correlates of LVH among ASF participants vary by field position. Athletes at the LM position appear to be at risk for developing concentric LVH with relative impairment of GLS, while NLM athletes tend to harbor eccentric LVH without decrement in GLS. The underlying mechanisms, reversibility, and long-term prognostic significance of these findings represent important areas of future study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".