Biological Filtration of Stormwater: Field Operations and Maintenance Experiences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Field-scale studies were conducted at the Kingston Stormwater Management Pond to evaluate the impacts of accumulated sediment on the performance of a submerged aerobic biological filter (biofilter) for the remediation of urban Stormwater runoff pollution. Substantial removal of suspended solids (97%) from the influent Stormwater resulted in a significant accumulation of sediment in the biofilter, which interfered with the system's main treatment objective, removing soluble nutrients through bacterial assimilation. The sediment was marginally to significantly polluted by Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn, according to provincial sediment quality guidelines. Removal efficiencies of total organic carbon and orthophosphate phosphorus decreased with time. Good removal efficiency for ammonium nitrogen (64%) was achieved independent of time or sediment accumulation. Backwashing was used to mitigate the effects of sediment accumulation in the filtration unit; however, the backwashing frequency used was not sufficient to maintain optimal biological filtration conditions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".